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[2月9日] 岳飞亏在不懂“营销”


宋代抗金名将岳飞“精忠报国”的故事感天动地,成为后代万千人敬仰的民族英雄。出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟,今天我们在扼腕叹息之余细细思量,为什么岳飞功败垂成,未能实现“北定中原”的梦想?不了解皇帝的心理,未能与皇帝建立坦诚互信的关系,其实是问题的要害所在。 岳飞(1103——1142)是宋代著名爱国将领,生于上世纪六、七十年代的人对刘兰芳的《岳飞传》记忆深刻,在电视尚未普及的年代,听评书成了那代人青少年时期的一大乐事。岳飞少年时正值北方金人对北宋发动的大规模侵略,亲眼目睹大好河山惨遭涂炭,发誓将来杀敌报国,收复故土。岳母也很支持他的想法(注意,不是他的丈母娘哦),于是就有了岳母刺字的感人故事,将“精忠报国”四个字永远留在了岳飞的背上,也进入岳飞内心,成为他毕生的追求。 北宋朝廷对侵略势力一味妥协,终于换来徽钦二帝1127年被掳的悲剧,当时的皇帝赵桓和太上皇赵佶同时被金人俘虏。徽宗的第9个儿子康王赵构趁乱南逃,在今河南商丘建立南宋,成为宋高宗。但这个南宋皇帝由于四处逃亡,吓破了胆,对金人无心抵抗,只想偏安一隅,沉醉于江南的歌舞逸乐之中。保持现状是赵构当时的最大心愿,他既不想丢掉眼前的半壁江山,也不想抗击金军解救父兄,因为一旦父兄归来,他这个临时的候补皇帝要么让位(这样当然不甘心啦),要么赖在位子上遭人唾骂。因此他一方面任用秦桧等展开投降活动,一方面又利用岳飞、韩世忠等抗战派来抵挡金军的凌厉攻势,以暂保他的性命和皇帝宝座。 当然还不止以上原因,熟悉宋朝历史的人都知道,赵匡胤是通过陈桥兵变得以“黄袍加身”,而且之前已经发生过多起大将兵变的先例。所以有宋一代皇帝对武将的防范之心从来没有松懈过,赵匡胤还算仁慈,没有像其他开国皇帝一样“狡兔死,走狗烹”,他精心设计了“杯酒释兵权”,然后设法将招兵、练兵、带兵的权力分解,以防止武将拥兵自重。这些举措导致宋朝严重的富而不强,占世界一半以上的GDP,却被落后的游牧民族屡屡侵犯,最后还得俯首自称“儿皇帝”。岳飞所率军队人称“岳家军”,已经范了皇帝的大忌,军队不归属和效忠朝廷,变成只听命于个人,这是皇帝所最不愿意看到的。 而岳飞不谙皇帝心理,极力反对议和,主张抗战到底。和议达成后,赵构得意之下大肆封赏文臣武将。可岳飞却接连三次拒绝了封赏诏书,并一再上书表达收复中原的决心,这无异于给宋高宗兜头泼了一盆冷水。 1139年夏,金兀术撕毁绍兴和议,再度发动大规模的对宋战争。岳飞率部分两线迎击,在捷报频传的情势下,挥兵北进,势如破竹。岳家军在河南郾城与金兀术军队发生激战,岳飞亲率将士,大破金军“铁浮图”和“拐子马”,乘胜向朱仙镇进军。一口气收复了颍昌、蔡州、陈州、郑州、郾城、朱仙镇,岳飞兴奋地对大将们说:“直抵黄龙府,与诸君痛饮尔!”而金军人心动摇,发出了“撼山易,撼岳家军难”的叹息。 而此时的高宗赵构如坐针毡,惶惶不可终日,害怕金人一旦败北,放回他的哥哥赵桓,那他就要被迫让出皇位,所以急切希望与金人议和。他首先命令东西两线收兵,造成岳家军孤军深入的不利态势后,即以“孤军不可久留”为名,急令岳飞回撤。岳飞含恨回到临安,立即陷入秦桧等人的罗网。1141年被以莫须有的“谋反”罪名关入大牢,于农历除夕夜蒙冤被杀,年仅39岁。岳飞临死前,在供状上写下“天日昭昭,天日昭昭”八个大字,不能不说是时代的悲剧。 岳飞“精忠报国”的精神感天动地,民族英雄的形象受到后人敬仰,但他“精忠报国”的对象不明确,是宋高宗、宋钦宗还是万千国人?之间发生矛盾如何处理?假如对象是宋高宗,就应该考虑击败金人的后果。不理解顾客的真实需求,悲剧命运就此注定。
作者/来源:张计划

 

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